Psych 221 Image Systems Engineering - User contributions [en]

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T23:32:52Z

Kohterai: /* References */

== Introduction ==
This project explores James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. Our goal is to provide an intuitive understanding of his experiment and to convey the ingenuity of his color matching experiment.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi authored a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper, highlighting his contributions to trichromatic theory, traditionally attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young. While Maxwell's original paper is detailed, it is challenging to follow.

An interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] provides insight, but it doesn't capture the nuances of Maxwell's use of white as the sole target color.

This project reinterprets Maxwell's experiment in an interactive style, inspired by [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. Due to color gamut limitations, we adjusted the white target value from pure white to a slightly gray shade for a more realistic experiment.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
* Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
* Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
* Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
* Understanding what the lens element does in this setup
* A more thorough explanation and investigation on why the full experiment cannot be replicated on a computer screen

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Brian Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide (both code and copy)

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

I am more than happy to share the codebase. If you would like to take a look before I make it public, please send an email to kohterai@stanford.edu I will add you as an additional contributor to the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T23:26:07Z

Kohterai: /* References */

== Introduction ==
This project explores James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. Our goal is to provide an intuitive understanding of his experiment and to convey the ingenuity of his color matching experiment.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi authored a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper, highlighting his contributions to trichromatic theory, traditionally attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young. While Maxwell's original paper is detailed, it is challenging to follow.

An interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] provides insight, but it doesn't capture the nuances of Maxwell's use of white as the sole target color.

This project reinterprets Maxwell's experiment in an interactive style, inspired by [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. Due to color gamut limitations, we adjusted the white target value from pure white to a slightly gray shade for a more realistic experiment.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
* Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
* Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
* Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
* Understanding what the lens element does in this setup
* A more thorough explanation and investigation on why the full experiment cannot be replicated on a computer screen

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Brian Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

I am more than happy to share the codebase. If you would like to take a look before I make it public, please send an email to kohterai@stanford.edu I will add you as an additional contributor to the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:37:12Z

Kohterai: /* Background */

== Introduction ==
This project explores James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. Our goal is to provide an intuitive understanding of his experiment and to convey the ingenuity of his color matching experiment.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi authored a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper, highlighting his contributions to trichromatic theory, traditionally attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young. While Maxwell's original paper is detailed, it is challenging to follow.

An interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] provides insight, but it doesn't capture the nuances of Maxwell's use of white as the sole target color.

This project reinterprets Maxwell's experiment in an interactive style, inspired by [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. Due to color gamut limitations, we adjusted the white target value from pure white to a slightly gray shade for a more realistic experiment.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
* Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
* Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
* Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
* Understanding what the lens element does in this setup
* A more thorough explanation and investigation on why the full experiment cannot be replicated on a computer screen

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Bryan Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

I am more than happy to share the codebase. If you would like to take a look before I make it public, please send an email to kohterai@stanford.edu I will add you as an additional contributor to the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:36:52Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
This project explores James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. Our goal is to provide an intuitive understanding of his experiment and to convey the ingenuity of his color matching experiment.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi authored a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper, highlighting his contributions to trichromatic theory, traditionally attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young. While Maxwell's original paper is detailed, it is challenging to follow.

An interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] provides insight, but it doesn't capture the nuances of Maxwell's use of white as the sole target color.

Our project reinterprets Maxwell's experiment in an interactive style, inspired by [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. Due to color gamut limitations, we adjusted the white target value from pure white to a slightly gray shade for a more realistic experiment.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
* Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
* Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
* Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
* Understanding what the lens element does in this setup
* A more thorough explanation and investigation on why the full experiment cannot be replicated on a computer screen

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Bryan Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

I am more than happy to share the codebase. If you would like to take a look before I make it public, please send an email to kohterai@stanford.edu I will add you as an additional contributor to the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:31:45Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
This project is about exploring James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. In this project, we try to give others an intuitive understanding to his experiment, and try to get a sense of the ingenious color matching experiment that he conducted.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi has written a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper which explained Maxwell's contribution and significance to the trichromatic theory which is often attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young.

Maxwell's original 1860 also explains his experiment with detail, but is hard to follow what is happening closely.

I was able to find one attempt at creating an interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] that makes reference to Maxwell's experiments, but this applet does a great job illustrating color matching, but it does not explain the nuances of Maxwell's experiment well. Specifically, Maxwell only used white as the target color.

In this project, we try to re-explain and celebrate Maxwell's experiment but with in the style of interactive explainers in the spirit of [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. One adjustment we've made the interactive page to make the experiment more doable is to lower the value of the white of the target value from a pure white (255, 255, 255) to a color slightly more gray.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
* Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
* Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
* Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
* Understanding what the lens element does in this setup
* A more thorough explanation and investigation on why the full experiment cannot be replicated on a computer screen

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Bryan Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

I am more than happy to share the codebase. If you would like to take a look before I make it public, please send an email to kohterai@stanford.edu I will add you as an additional contributor to the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:30:19Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
This project is about exploring James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. In this project, we try to give others an intuitive understanding to his experiment, and try to get a sense of the ingenious color matching experiment that he conducted.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi has written a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper which explained Maxwell's contribution and significance to the trichromatic theory which is often attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young.

Maxwell's original 1860 also explains his experiment with detail, but is hard to follow what is happening closely.

I was able to find one attempt at creating an interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] that makes reference to Maxwell's experiments, but this applet does a great job illustrating color matching, but it does not explain the nuances of Maxwell's experiment well. Specifically, Maxwell only used white as the target color.

In this project, we try to re-explain and celebrate Maxwell's experiment but with in the style of interactive explainers in the spirit of [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. One adjustment we've made the interactive page to make the experiment more doable is to lower the value of the white of the target value from a pure white (255, 255, 255) to a color slightly more gray.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
* Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
* Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
* Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
* Understanding what the lens element does in this setup
* A more thorough explanation and investigation on why the full experiment cannot be replicated on a computer screen

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Bryan Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

If you would like to see the codebase, for now, please send koh.terai@stanford.edu an email and I will share the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:29:19Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
This project is about exploring James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. In this project, we try to give others an intuitive understanding to his experiment, and try to get a sense of the ingenious color matching experiment that he conducted.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi has written a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper which explained Maxwell's contribution and significance to the trichromatic theory which is often attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young.

Maxwell's original 1860 also explains his experiment with detail, but is hard to follow what is happening closely.

I was able to find one attempt at creating an interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] that makes reference to Maxwell's experiments, but this applet does a great job illustrating color matching, but it does not explain the nuances of Maxwell's experiment well. Specifically, Maxwell only used white as the target color.

In this project, we try to re-explain and celebrate Maxwell's experiment but with in the style of interactive explainers in the spirit of [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. One adjustment we've made the interactive page to make the experiment more doable is to lower the value of the white of the target value from a pure white (255, 255, 255) to a color slightly more gray.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==
I thoroughly enjoyed working on this project. A few things stood out to me in particular.

I gained quite an intuitive understanding of how color matching experiments work and the trichromatic theory. Throughout this project, I was impressed by Maxwell's ingenuity to setup this experiment, to execute, and to get results that are astonishingly close to CIE's color matching functions.

In the actual execution of this project, I got a better understanding of color spaces, converting between different color spaces, and understanding the limitations of color gamuts on our monitors. Although I worked on color space conversion during some of the class assignments, when it came to actually attempting to rebuild Maxwell's experiment, I had to think about what was going on at every step of the way, and furthermore, think about how is the most truthful way to represent certain colors to the users in the interaction.

I think that there's a lot of additional directions a similar project can go. Some ideas can include:
# Recreating Maxwell's earlier color wheel experiment
# Trying to actually physically build this apparatus
# Trying to write a simulation to get an even more intuitive understanding of how the slit positions affect the light being diffracted by the prisms
# Understanding what the lens element does in this setup

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Bryan Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

If you would like to see the codebase, for now, please send koh.terai@stanford.edu an email and I will share the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:21:45Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
This project is about exploring James Clerk Maxwell's early color experiments. In this project, we try to give others an intuitive understanding to his experiment, and try to get a sense of the ingenious color matching experiment that he conducted.

== Background ==
In 1993, Qasim Zaidi has written a [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 commentary] on Maxwell's 1860 paper which explained Maxwell's contribution and significance to the trichromatic theory which is often attributed to Helmholtz and Thomas Young.

Maxwell's original 1860 also explains his experiment with detail, but is hard to follow what is happening closely.

I was able to find one attempt at creating an interactive color matching experiment from [https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178-10/applets/colormatching.html Stanford's Computer Science department] that makes reference to Maxwell's experiments, but this applet does a great job illustrating color matching, but it does not explain the nuances of Maxwell's experiment well. Specifically, Maxwell only used white as the target color.

In this project, we try to re-explain and celebrate Maxwell's experiment but with in the style of interactive explainers in the spirit of [https://ciechanow.ski/ Bartosz Ciechanowski], [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/27/us/politics/congressional-gerrymandering-redistricting-game-2022.html New York Times Interactive Stories], and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY 3Blue1Brown].

== Methods ==
The webpage was written in Typescript and React.

In order to recreate Maxwell's the color matching experiment, we needed to work between different color spaces.

Specifically, the following process was followed:
# Convert slit position to wavelength (nm)
# Convert wavelength into XYZ values using CIE's Colorimetry Report
# Add the weighted XYZ values from the 3 slit positions in XYZ space
# Convert from XYZ to sRGB using a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB linear transformation]
# Apply gamma correction
# Clip out of gamut colors
# Render the rgb values in the webpage

Unfortunately since the actual color experiment with colors which are at the horse-shoe shaped border of the chromaticity diagram, many of the colors are out of gamut, so we are only able to create an illusion of the experiment. One adjustment we've made the interactive page to make the experiment more doable is to lower the value of the white of the target value from a pure white (255, 255, 255) to a color slightly more gray.

== Results ==
[[File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png|500px|frame|none|Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool]]

The current version of the interactive website is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Koh is in the process of sophisticating the content over the winter break before opening up the website to the public.
Any updates will also be reflected onto this Wikipedia page.

== Conclusions ==

== References ==
* Professor [https://profiles.stanford.edu/brian-wandell Bryan Wandell] for all of of our discussions and enthusiasm around Maxwell's experiments, and guiding me through this project from start to finish.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/col.5080180411 Commentary by Qasim Zaidi - Department of Psychology Columbia University New York. New York 10027]
* [https://cielab.xyz/pdf/cie.15.2004%20colorimetry.pdf CIE Colorimetry Report - 3rd Edition - Table T.5. CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#From_CIE_XYZ_to_sRGB XYZ to sRGB Conversion]
* [https://chat.openai.com/ GPT-4] for being my writing aide

== Appendix ==
Source code is currently in a [https://github.com/kohterai/maxwell-color-experiment private repository on Github].
I will make the repository public and link to this Wikipedia once the codebase is organized.
(It is too messy to open to the public at the moment).

If you would like to see the codebase, for now, please send koh.terai@stanford.edu an email and I will share the repository.

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:13:09Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:12:38Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:06:27Z

Kohterai: /* References */

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:05:11Z

Kohterai: /* Results */

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:02:47Z

Kohterai: /* Results */

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T22:02:09Z

Kohterai:

File:Screenshot 2023-12-19 at 06.54.02.png

2023-12-18T21:55:52Z

Kohterai: Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool

== Summary ==
Screenshot of the an interactive version of Maxwell's tool

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:53:02Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:52:50Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:50:36Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:50:10Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:49:13Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:45:21Z

Kohterai:

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T21:01:29Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
Draft Webpage is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

Currently updating this page : Additional content will be up here by 13:30 California time, Monday, December 18, 2023 (PST)

== Background ==

== Methods ==

== Results ==

== Conclusions ==

== Appendix ==

You can write math equations as follows:
<math>y = x + 5 </math>

You can include images as follows (you will need to upload the image first using the toolbox on the left bar, using the "Upload file" link).

[[File:Snip 20210106183207.png|200px]]

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T20:51:51Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
Currently updating this page : content will be up here by 13:00 California time, Monday, December 18, 2023 (PST)
Webpage is available at: https://maxwell-color-experiment.vercel.app/

== Background ==

== Methods ==

== Results ==

== Conclusions ==

== Appendix ==

You can write math equations as follows:
<math>y = x + 5 </math>

You can include images as follows (you will need to upload the image first using the toolbox on the left bar, using the "Upload file" link).

[[File:Snip 20210106183207.png|200px]]

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T20:19:49Z

Kohterai:

== Introduction ==
Currently updating this page : content will be up here by 13:00 California time, Monday, December 18, 2023 (PST)

== Background ==

== Methods ==

== Results ==

== Conclusions ==

== Appendix ==

You can write math equations as follows:
<math>y = x + 5 </math>

You can include images as follows (you will need to upload the image first using the toolbox on the left bar, using the "Upload file" link).

[[File:Snip 20210106183207.png|200px]]

Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited

2023-12-18T18:39:52Z

Kohterai: Created page with "== Introduction == == Background == == Methods == == Results == == Conclusions == == Appendix == You can write math equations as follows: <math>y = x + 5 </math> You can include images as follows (you will need to upload the image first using the toolbox on the left bar, using the "Upload file" link). 200px"

== Introduction ==

== Background ==

== Methods ==

== Results ==

== Conclusions ==

== Appendix ==

You can write math equations as follows:
<math>y = x + 5 </math>

You can include images as follows (you will need to upload the image first using the toolbox on the left bar, using the "Upload file" link).

[[File:Snip 20210106183207.png|200px]]

Psych221-Projects-2023-Fall

2023-12-18T18:39:28Z

Kohterai:

[http://vista.su.domains/psych221wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page#Psych221 Return to Psych 221 Main Page]

There are two deliverables for the project:
# A group presentation
# A wiki-style project page write-up

* The write-up should roughly follow [http://vista.su.domains/psych221wiki/index.php?title=Project_Guidelines this organization from the Project Guidelines Page]
* Please visit [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Editing_pages MediaWiki's editing help page].

== To set up your project's page ==
* Log in to this wiki with the username and password you created.
* Edit the Projects section of this page (just below). Do this by clicking on "[edit]" to the right of each section title.
* Make a new line for your project using the format shown below, pasting the line for your project under the last item/group. The first part of the text within the double brackets is the name of the new page. This must be unique, and putting the group member names is a safest way to assure this. The second part, after '|' is the displayed text and can be your project title.
* Save the Project section by clicking the Save button at the bottom of the page
* Finally, clink on the link for your project. This will take you to a new blank page that you can edit. You can use the basic format for your page that is in the Sample Project.
* Math tip: Use the tags <math> and </math> to wrap an equation. For example, this code:

<pre> <math> a + b = c^2 </math> </pre>

Renders as this equation:

:<math>a + b = c^2</math>

== Projects for Psych 221 (2023-2024) ==

Please edit your project pages starting from the links below. The first one is a sample that includes some wiki formatting. The second one indicates how you should format the link on this page. When you format it and save it, then clicking on the link will automatically create a blank page that you can edit.

# [[WandellFarrellLian|Sample Project]]
#* Brian Wandell, Joyce Farrell, Zheng Lyu.
# [[Wavefront Retrieval from Through-Focus Point Spread Functions with Machine Learning]]
#* Wanting Xie, Yi Hong To.
# [[AlexOliviaAudrey|Calibration of Headlight Brightness in ISET Simulations]]
#* Alex Sun, Olivia Loh, Audrey Lee
# [[Impact of Camera Characteristics on DNN Model Inference Performance]]
#* Mohammad Salem, Bogdan Burlacu
# [[Simulation Studies of an Ultraviolet Laser Absorption Imaging System]]
#* Jackie Zheng, Steve (Cao) Dong, Amy Dumphy
# [[Simulate an Underwater Imaging System and Explore Water Absorption and Scattering Estimation Methods]]
#* Tianyun Zhao, Cecilia Xie, Shiqi Xia
# [[Simulation of pixel-size impact for optical brightfield wafer defect inspection]]
#* David Giovanni, Sweesien Lim, Choi Han
# [[Medical imaging: Simulations of reflectance and fluorescence of human tissue]]
#* Bohan Li, Johan Carlstrom
# [[Thermal Imaging and Pitvipers]]
#* Devin Dean.
# [[Medical imaging: Simulations of human oral mucosa tissue fluorescence]]
#* Xuan Wu, Yong Kang Eugene Tay
# [[Dual Fisheye Image Stitching Algorithm to 360 Degree Photos]]
#* Pranavi Boyalakuntla, Maggie Che
# [[Maxwell's Color Experiment Revisited ]]
#* Koh Terai