Chenharvey

Introduction

The purpose of our project was to update Wikipdia in order to expand the knowledge base of the world’s largest and most easily accessible source encyclopedic information. The two pages originally chosen were Troland and photopic vision. Upon further research, it was determined that eye adaptation and scotopic vision also needed to be updated. Therefore the topics were thoroughly researched, consolidated, compressed and formatted to give the most up to date research into a clear and easy to understand page that meets all of Wikipedia’s standards of quality.

List of Wikipedia Pages Updated

• Eye Adaptation
• Scotopic Vision
• Photopic Vision
• Troland

Eye Adaptation

The Eye Adaptation page was significantly overhauled to in order to meet the standards of both academia and Wikipedia. The roles of cones and rods in eye adaptation, briefly mentioned in the original page were explained to the match the most current research in physiology. Adaptation to both light and darkness were expanded on and figures from research were recreated to meet the copyright standards of wikicommons. Additional links to relevant data were added and the cited references increased significantly. Inconsistencies and errors were corrected, and related pages updated to reference the new page.

Scotopic Vision

Scotopic Vision under low light when the rods are active. The scotopic vision page was updated to include information on the rhodpsin photopigment which is active in the rods under these conditions. Information was added on the low spatial frequency of the eye under scotopic conditions. This is caused by averaging of the large area of light needed for adaptation in scotopic conditions. This is also due to the many-to-one ratio from the rods to one neuron.

The page now includes information on how wavelength sensitivity does not change in scotopic vision. This principal allows cone types to measured experimentally.

Photopic Vision

Photopic Vision under well-lit light when the cones are active. The page was updated to included information on how the contrast under photopic vision decreases with age and how long it takes for they eye to adapt under photopic vision versus scotopic. Also, it was noted that the condition for photopic is dependent upon the intensity of the light and the wavelength.

Troland

Troland is a unit of measurement that relates luminance to the scale of the pupil size. The page originally had no references so two references were added. As well as more information on converting it to other units of measurements and the measurement system that is a part of.

Conclusions

Throughout the process of updating Wikipedia, we found it changeling to scale down the amount of research information that was found. The purpose of wikipedia is to inform the general public with accurate information about different subjects. We went through a process of scaling down the information and adding in appropriate links to make sure that we were not repeating information unnecessarily. If we continued to work on this project, we would try to better organize the vision science pages and search for more pages that needed updating.

New References to the Wikipedia Pages

• References for Scotopic Vision
  • Foundations of Vision (1995), Brian A. Wandell, Chapter 9 Color
  • Foundations of Vision (1995), Brian A. Wandell, Chapter 4 Wavelength Encoding
  • Foundations of Vision (1995), Brian A. Wandell, Chapter 3 The Photoreceptor Mosaic

• References for Photopic Vision
  • Molecular Eexpressions
  • Aging and neural spatial contrast sensitivity: Photopic vision by Kerri B. Burton, Cynthia Owsley, Michael E. Sloane

• References for Troland
  • answers.com
  • wolframalpha.com

• Reference for Eye Adaptation
  • "Sensory Reception: Human Vision: Structure and Function of the Human Eye" Encyclopaedia Brtinnica, vol. 27, 1987
  • http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-viii-gabac-receptors/light-and-dark-adaptation/"Light and Dark Adaptation"
  • Stuart JA, Brige RR (1996). "Characterization of the primary photochemical events in bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin". In Lee AG. Rhodopsin and G-Protein Linked Receptors, Part A (Vol 2, 1996) (2 Vol Set). Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press. pp. 33–140. ISBN 1-55938-659-2.
  • Passer and Smith (2008). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior (4th ed.). p. 135. ISBN 0-07-256334-6.
  • Hurley, JB (February 2002). "Shedding Light on Adaptation". Journal of General Physiology 119 (2): 125–128. doi:10.1085/jgp.119.2.125. PMC 2233798. PMID 11815663.
  • Aubert H. Physiologie der Netzhaut. Breslau: E. Morgenstern; 1865.
  • Bartlett NR. Dark and light adaptation. In: Graham CH, editor. Vision and visual perception. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; 1965.
  • Hallett PE. The variations in visual threshold measurement. J Physiol 1969;202:403–419.1351489 [PubMed: 5784294]
  • H Davson. Physiology of the eye. 5th ed. London: Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd.; 1990.
  • Aguilar M, Stiles WS. Saturation of the rod mechanism of the reina at high levels of stimulation. Opt Acta (Lond) 1954;1:59–65.
  • Barlow HB. Increment thresholds at low intensities considered as signal noise discriminations. J Physiol 1958;141:337–350. [PubMed: 13539843]
  • H Davson. Physiology of the eye. 5th ed. London: Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd.; 1990

Appendix

Michael Chen worked on updating the page for eye adaptation. Victoria Harvey worked on updating the page for Troland, photopic vision, and scotopic vision.